Pterygium is a noncancerous growth of conjunctival tissue that begins on the white part of the eye and may gradually extend onto the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. Eye Clinic in Thrissur Because of its triangular shape, it is sometimes referred to as “surfer’s eye.”
Pterygium is commonly associated with long-term exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust, and it often develops in people who spend a lot of time outdoors.
In some cases, pterygium develops from a condition known as Pinguecula.
Why Pterygium Occurs
Pterygium occurs when the conjunctival tissue grows abnormally due to chronic irritation or ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This growth can gradually spread toward the cornea.
Although the condition is usually benign, it can sometimes interfere with vision if it grows large enough.
Risk Factors
Several environmental and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing pterygium.
Sunlight Exposure
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays is the most significant risk factor.
Dry or Windy Environments
Dust and wind can irritate the eye and contribute to tissue growth.
Outdoor Activities
People who work or spend long hours outdoors are more likely to develop pterygium.
Age
The condition is more common in adults, particularly those living in sunny climates.
Symptoms of Pterygium
Symptoms may vary depending on the size and severity of the growth.
Common symptoms include:
A visible fleshy growth on the white part of the eye
Eye redness
Irritation or burning sensation
Dryness in the eye
Blurred vision in advanced cases
Feeling of something in the eye
In severe cases, the growth may extend onto the cornea and affect vision.
Diagnosis
Pterygium is typically diagnosed through a routine eye examination.
An eye specialist will use a slit-lamp microscope to examine the growth and determine its size and location.
Additional vision tests may be performed if the growth affects the cornea.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the extent of growth.
Lubricating Eye Drops
Artificial tears can help relieve dryness and irritation.
Anti-inflammatory Medications
Medicated eye drops may reduce redness and inflammation.
Protective Eyewear
Wearing sunglasses helps reduce UV exposure and irritation.
Surgical Removal
If the pterygium grows large enough to affect vision or causes persistent discomfort, surgery may be recommended.
However, recurrence can occur even after removal.
Prevention Tips
Protecting the eyes from environmental exposure can help reduce the risk.
Wear sunglasses that block UV rays
Use protective eyewear in dusty environments
Limit prolonged exposure to sunlight
Use artificial tears to maintain eye moisture
Schedule regular eye checkups
Final Thoughts
Pterygium is a common eye condition characterized by the growth of tissue on the surface of the eye. While it is usually harmless, it can sometimes cause discomfort or vision problems if left untreated.
Protecting the eyes from sunlight and environmental irritants is one of the most effective ways to prevent this condition and maintain long-term eye health.
