To implement Test Driven Development in an existing legacy codebase, start by writing characterization tests to capture current behavior. Focus on high-risk or frequently changed modules and add tests at system boundaries like APIs or service layers. When fixing bugs or adding features, follow the Test Driven Development cycle—write a failing test first, implement minimal code, then refactor safely. Use mocking and dependency isolation to handle tightly coupled components. Over time, this approach improves code quality without requiring a full rewrite.
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